According to statistics, in recent years, humanity has often come across diabetes, which is a 21st century epidemic. Every year the disease is becoming younger and more and more patients die for complications. In this regard, it is important to understand what diabetes mellitus are, what types of diabetes exist and their differences.
Types of diabetes
Diabetic pathology is a collective name for an entire class of disease. In medicine, it is customary to release diabetes mellito per type. The same terminology is represented by an entire list of diseases that have common characteristics. The characteristics of diabetes and species are due to the pathogenic value of glucose in the bloodstream.
There are many factors, which is why insulin is not able to provide glucose to the blood cells, while the result is always the only one - during the strong saturation of the blood by sugar, the cells are unable to eat normally.
When sugar in the cells is inappropriate, it is pulled by the water. The liquid that fills the blood crosses the kidneys, leading to dehydration. Regardless of the type of sugar disease, the following signs develop:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- feeling of thirst;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and abundant urine discharges.
Various forms of diabetes are characterized by appearance factors, symptoms and therapy methods.
Classification of diabetes
How many types of sugar diabetes exist? First of all, diabetes stands out by type of sugar associated with an increase in sugar and not --ahar. And already the type of sugar has some types of diabetes and their differences.
- SD 1 form.
- SD 2 forms.
- Specific types of pathology.
- Gestational form.
In terms of gravity, diabetes stands out by type:
- light;
- medium;
- heavy form.
As for the state of compensation, they distinguish:
- compensated;
- Subcompense;
- Decommented shape of the disease.
It is important to consider every type of diabetes and their characteristics.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin -dependent)
The first type of diabetes is generally called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas that insulin produces. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is absent or not sufficient.
According to statistics, the manifestation of the disease is today in young people. The first form has the following signs:
- quick weight loss;
- thirst;
- frequent impulse to the cabinet;
- feeling of hunger;
- The occurrence of acetone in the irinamic.
The treatment of this variety of pathology implies the introduction of the necessary dosage of the hormone. The remaining therapeutic measures are ineffective.
The development of the first type of disease occurs due to a genetic factor. In addition, the provocateur is a series of negative reasons, starting from compromised immunity. The course of diabetes is sudden, with pronounced events. The sugar indicator is quite high, it reaches 30 mmol/l. But without insulin, the cells remain in a state of hunger.
Pancreatic cells are deformed, sugar produced. The lack of hormone leads to the impossibility of using carbohydrates, the lack of energy tries to compensate for fat processing.
The first type develops in the presence of:
- infections;
- stress;
- sedentary life;
- autoimmune processes;
- hereditary predisposition;
- Inappropriate nutrition.
In the absence of adequate treatment, discord of consciousness are quickly developing, up to a diabetic coma. Subsequently, if it is not fully the diabetes in adults, then it will quickly lead to a disorder of almost all systems and organs, disabilities.
With the development of the disease in a child, there is a delay in physical development, mental, subsequently puberty, childhood.
The only method of therapy is the introduction of insulin in injections under the epithelium. Today, glucose is not introduced many times. There are analogues introduced 1 time a day or 1 for 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which introduces glucose continuously during the day.
A variety of 1 form of disease is a latent adult autoimmune disease, characterized by a decrease in sugar value, the patient's body weight is normal. In the study, there are antibodies to pancreas cells that are not available in the second form of pathology, but in 1 form.
It is important to diagnose the disease over time, since therapy implies the introduction of insulin. The tablets, to reduce sugar in this situation, are not allowed.
Type 2 diabetes (insulin -dependent)
The 2nd degree diabetes is not absolute, but as regards the inferiority of insulin. This indicates insulin secretion in a normal, excess volume. The cells are resistant to its influence.
There are times when this species is associated with obesity. In this position of glucose secretion, it is not enough for all current fat deposits. Unlike 1 form, 2 species are formed in mature years. The male genre must face a problem after 40, female in the post -climax period, when observing the renovation at the hormonal level.
The development of 2 forms of diabetes is not so quick, compared to 1 type. Often the disease gradually forms, the signs are weak, the painful disorders are not up to 1 form.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- the increase in the volume of urine, which brings the patient into the bathroom in the middle of the night;
- A strong desire to drink;
- itching of mucous membranes;
- There is greater desire.
After illness, together with obesity, leads to the development of a hypertensive disease, increasing the pressure to high values. The formation of a vicious circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and hypertension come together mutually. Even the risk of heart attack, stroke is rapidly growing.
If the disease is not treated, irreversible phenomena occur in nerve fibers, liver, kidneys, eye retina. Very often, vascular diseases in 2 shapes lead to complications: the appearance of trophic ulcers on the lower part of the leg, the gate legs.
When the 2 SD species proceed easily to normalize sugar, sufficiently discarded kilograms. This is only initially. After a lack of glucose, it will require drugs that lower sugar in the tablets. The pill can stimulate the synthesization of sugar in beta cells, which covers its deficiency.
But subsequently with multiple stimulation, the complete exhaustion of the cells, the formation of a complete lack of glucose is possible. The high indicators, together with complications compared to the internal organs, serve as an indication to move from the pill to insulin. Therefore, normally, the patient is condemned to a constant use of insulin. Therefore, of the 2 types of diabetes, the first is insulin-dependent and the second form has 2 phases, the nature of development is insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent.
Specific types of diabetes
There are an entire group of specific types of diabetes that are associated with other factors. Types of diabetes:
- Hereditary defects in the work of the cells of pancreatic organs and the effect of insulin.
- The disease of the exocrine part of the gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, caused by medicines, chemical elements.
- Injections.
- Unusual types of immune diseases.
- Hereditary symptoms that are combined with diabetes.
The diabetes mellitus from the types of genetic defects in the work of the pancreas and the effects of insulin is formed due to the mutation of the genes that are responsible for the functioning of the gland, the effect of insulin.
The diseases of the exocrine part of the pancreas involve an inflammatory iron process, injuries, tumor formations. When part of the body is also interested, sugar productivity, the service station leads to the appearance of diabetes. Therapy undergoes a replacement of work, introduces glucose.
Diabetes mellitus by type of endocrinotherapy is characterized by the performance of hormones in excessive volume. Hormones are able to negatively influence the exchange of sugar by increasing the indicator, causing insulin resistance, inhibits exposure to sugar. Consequently, the development of a specific form of diabetes occurs.
Diabetes mellitus for types caused by drugs capable of increasing sugar and causing insulin -resistance.
Often, diabetes initially develops after viral pathologies, since viruses can surprisingly influenced pancreatic cells and cause damage to the immune system, launching a process similar to the formation of sugar diseases in shape.
- Adenovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Rubella.
- Piggy.
In rare cases, diabetes is observed with diabetes, caused by the formation of glucose antibodies and its receptor. The receptor is the objective of glucose, through it the cell receives its influence. When these phenomena are violated, sugar is not able to do naturally its work, therefore it develops diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease develops due to lower sugar productivity, it is necessary to regulate glucose in the bloodstream.
During pregnancy, the female body is forced to produce a large amount of sugar, which provides the need for the child. This process is particularly relevant in the second phase of pregnancy.
When there is a lack of glucose, the sugar value is always growing, providing the possibility of forming a gestational type of diabetes. The pathology often disappears, after the birth of a child. This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes this type from other species with a chronic flow.
Diabetes Non Adalar
The non -naicar form of the disease is also called uretics. The pathology has no typical signs. The main features include:
- Polyuria, characterized by the release of urine in volume, which significantly exceeds the norm;
- Polydipsia - taking great volumes of fluid.
With a disease, diabetics observe:
- dry skin;
- The stomach is elongated, lowered;
- body weight falls;
- the pressure decreases;
- The parental parent system is interested (girls face a violation of the menstrual cycle, in men, the power decreases);
- The Ennus of children are worried, the growth and development of development are delayed.
Nonhachard therapy involves receiving vasopressin in the form of a spray in the nose or pill cavity.